Acute and lasting pain in the bones is one of the most common signs that a person might have bone cancer. Patients describe this pain as persistent and deep, sometimes with a burning sensation. It does not usually last for a few minutes — the discomfort tends to continue for a longer period of time. Often, the source of such pain comes from within a specific bone. Tumors around the bone area may increase the pressure and worsen the sensation. Certain medical treatments, including those for cancer, can also contribute to bone pain.
Swelling in particular places. Sometimes, areas near the bones may experience swelling, known as localized swelling. It may indicate the presence of a tumor or mass. Such visible signs can suggest that the condition has progressed. At advanced stages, treatment becomes more complex. The disease can spread as blood flow supplies nutrients to the affected area.
Irritation and inflammation are also common symptoms of bone cancer. When the affected bone influences nearby tissues, inflammation can occur. It is not usually an early symptom, and its severity varies by case. Swelling most often appears where body tissues and nerves are densely located. The skin over the affected bone may look red or feel warm to the touch.
Cracks, fractures, and other bone injuries. Healthy bones are usually strong and resistant to damage. However, when bones become weak, even minor impact can cause fractures. Bone cancer may weaken bone structure as it grows, making bones fragile and more likely to break. Over time, this fragility can increase if the disease progresses.
Unintentional weight loss. This phenomenon differs from that seen in eating disorders like anorexia nervosa. In bone cancer, weight loss may happen unintentionally due to metabolic changes. Consider whether you have been under stress, changed your diet, or increased your activity level. If none of these apply, unexplained weight loss should be discussed with a doctor.
Limited joint movement is another possible symptom of bone cancer. The disease does not always start in the bone itself; it can also affect nearby joints. If it advances, the tumor may grow large enough to cause stiffness, redness, and pain in that area. This can make joint movement more difficult and reduce mobility.
Feeling tired and sleepy all the time. Fatigue is a common symptom in many medical conditions, including cancer. A person might get plenty of sleep (even up to 10 hours) but still feel drowsy or weak. There are two types of fatigue — physical and mental — and patients may experience both. It can affect memory, focus, and communication, as well as reduce overall energy.
Patients with bone cancer may experience frequent infections. The immune system can weaken as the bone structure and marrow function are affected. This leads to lower white blood cell production and reduced ability to fight external threats. As a result, such individuals may face more frequent colds, fevers, or other infections.
Loss of healthy appetite. Normally, an adult requires around 2000 calories per day. However, a person with bone cancer may lose interest in food without realizing it. The body directs most of its energy toward resisting disease, leading to tiredness and low activity. Reduced appetite often contributes to weakness and fatigue.
Unexplained bleeding or bruising. When bone marrow is affected, it can disrupt platelet production, reducing the blood’s ability to clot properly. This may result in frequent nosebleeds, bruises, or small injuries that heal slowly. Such symptoms should be evaluated by a healthcare professional.
Learn more about bone cancer at National Cancer Institute (NCI).