Tremor at rest has been described in medical literature as one of the most commonly reported signs in people diagnosed with Parkinson’s disease. Shaking may appear in the hands, arms, or legs while at rest and can lessen during movement. Studies note that emotional stress or nervous tension may temporarily increase the tremor intensity.
Changes in handwriting have been observed in clinical descriptions of Parkinson’s disease. Some individuals begin to write with smaller, more compact letters, a phenomenon known as micrographia. Effortful or slowed writing has also been mentioned in published studies.
Muscle stiffness has been documented as another frequently discussed feature. In a relaxed state, muscles typically alternate between contraction and release, but rigidity may develop, making body movement feel restricted. Research suggests that such stiffness can occur in different muscle groups and may contribute to discomfort.
Reduced sense of smell has been reported in early stages of Parkinson’s disease. People have described decreased ability to detect familiar scents such as perfume or food. Clinical literature notes that this sensory change may appear before motor symptoms become more pronounced.
Slowed movement, known as bradykinesia, has been described as a characteristic feature. Movements may become slower or more effortful over time. Routine actions such as walking, dressing, or eating can require more concentration and time to complete, according to clinical observations.
Changes in sleep patterns have been documented. Some individuals may experience sudden movements during sleep, such as jerking or kicking, as described in neurological research. These movements can be associated with disturbances in the normal sleep cycle.
Altered posture and balance have been described in clinical studies. Maintaining an upright position may become more challenging over time. Changes in reflex control and coordination can contribute to balance difficulties.
Voice changes have been observed in some people diagnosed with Parkinson’s disease. The tone may become softer or more monotone. These changes are linked in research to muscle stiffness affecting speech production. Family members may notice the difference in voice or facial expressiveness.
Freezing episodes have been reported in movement disorders literature. This term refers to a temporary inability to initiate motion, often described during walking or turning. The episodes can vary in frequency and duration among individuals.
Reduced facial expressiveness has been mentioned in neurological observations. The face may appear less animated or show fewer expressions, sometimes called a “masked” or “reduced affect” appearance. This change is discussed as part of motor symptom progression in Parkinson’s disease.
Learn more about Parkinson’s disease at NINDS.